Descriptive Statistics Calculator
Calculate mean, median, mode, variance, and standard deviation. Fast, free, and fully client-side.
Calculator Inputs
How the Descriptive Statistics Calculator Works
Descriptive statistics summarize and describe the core characteristics of a numerical dataset, measuring central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (sample/population standard deviation, variance, and range).
Formula
Mean (μ) = (Σ xᵢ) / N, Sample Std Dev (s) = √((Σ (xᵢ - x̄)²) / (n - 1))
Sample standard deviation uses Bessel correction (n - 1) to provide an unbiased estimate of population dispersion.
Calculation Example
For dataset [2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9]: Mean is 5.0, Median is 4.5, Mode is 4, Range is 7, and Sample Standard Deviation is ~2.14.
Frequently Asked Questions
When should I use median instead of mean?
Median is preferred when datasets contain extreme outliers or skewed distributions (e.g. income or home prices).
What does standard deviation measure?
It measures how spread out numbers are around the average value. A low standard deviation indicates data points cluster tightly around the mean.